Which protocols are associated with the Transport layer of the OSI model?

The Transport layer of the OSI model is primarily responsible for end-to-end communication between devices and provides reliable or unreliable delivery of data. The protocols associated with this layer ensure the integrity and proper sequencing of data, as well as flow control.

The correct answer, which includes Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), is fundamental to the Transport layer. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable data transfer with error checking and flow control, ensuring that packets are delivered in the correct order. In contrast, UDP is a connectionless protocol that allows for faster transmission of data without reliability guarantees. This distinction in functionality illustrates the core role of these protocols within the Transport layer.

The other options pertain to different layers or functionalities. For example, SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) are associated with the Application layer, which is at the top of the OSI model and deals with the handling of high-level data structures and user interfaces. IPV6 (Internet Protocol version 6) and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) operate at the Network layer, focusing on addressing and path determination, while SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols that enhance security